CONTENTS: UNIT-1: 1.  Biotechnology : History, Definition and Scope; 2. Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering : 1.  Cloning and Expression Vectors; 3. Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering : 2.  Chimeric DNA, Probes and Genomic / cDNA Libraries; 4.  Application of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture : 1.  Gene Transfer Methods in Plants; 5.  Application of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture: 2. Transgenic Plants (Including Cisgenic Plants); 6. Application of Genetic Engineering in Medicine: (Including Pharmaceuticals, Insulin Production); 7. Genetic Engineering for Bioenergy and Biofuels; 8. Microbial Biotechnology : 1. Fermentation Technology for Industrial Production of Chemical and Food Processing; 9.  Microbial Biotechnology : 2.  Microbes for Production of Enzymes, Antibiotics, etc.; 

UNlT-II: 10. Immunology: An Overview; 11. Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs; 12. B-Cells and Antibodies (Immunoglobulins); 13. T-Cells and T-Cell Receptors; 14. MHC/HLA Restriction; 15. Tolerance of Autoimmunity, Autoimmune Diseases and AIDS; 16.  Interferons, Vaccines and Prevention of HIV Infection; 17.  Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs); 18.  Monoclonal Antibodies Without Hybridoma and Antibody Engineering  using  Genetic  Manipulations.