CONTENTS: Molecular Biology: UNIT-I: 1.  Nucleic Acids and Genetics Material, Nucleotides and the Structure of Nucleic Acid; 2.  The Genetic Code : Properties of the Codon Assignment, Initiation/Termination Codons; 3. Mechanism of Protein Synthesis : 1. Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; 4. Mechanism of Protein Synthesis : 2. RNA Processing; 5.  Mechanism of Protein Synthesis : 3.  Molecular Machines for Translation of mRNA (Ribosome, tRNA and aaRs); 6.  Mechanism of Protein Synthesis : 4.  Protein Structure and Translation of mRNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes;

UNIT-II: 7.  Carbohydrates, Amino Acids and Proteins; 8.  Vitamins; 9.  Animal Hormones (Endocrinology);   10. Plant Hormones (Phytohormones); 11. Enzymes : 1. Properties, Nomenclature and Classification; 12.  Enzymes : 2. Bioenergetics : Enthalpy/Entropy and Laws of Thermodynamics; 13.  Enzymes : 3. Mechanism of Enzyme Action (Active Sites, Specificity, E-S Complex, Free Energy and Gibbs Energy); 14.  Enzymes : 4. Enzyme Kinetics and Factors  Affecting  Enzyme  Activity; 

UNIT-III: 15.  Replication of DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; 16.  Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Other Prokaryotes; 17.  Gene Expression and Regulation; A Variety of Mechanisms in Eukaryotes (Including Hormonal Control and Second Messengers Ca+, Cyclic AMP, IP3 etc.);

UNIT-IV: 18.  Biotechnology : History, Definition and Scope: 19.  Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering :     1.  Cloning and Expression Vectors; 20.  Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering : 2.  Chimeric DNA, Probes and Genomic/cDNA Libraries; 21.  Plant Cell and Tissue Culture : 1.  Culture Media and Cell Culture; 22.  Plant Cell and Tissue Culture : 2.  Tissue Culture, Micropropagation, Somaclonal Variation and Wide Hybridization; 23.  Plant Cell and Tissue Culture : 3.  Production and Uses of Haploids; 24.  Plant Cell and Tissue Culture : 4. Protoplast Culture, Regeneration and Somatic Hybridization; 25.  Gene Transfer Methods in Plants; 26.  Transgenic Plants (Including Cisgenic Plants); 27.  Biotechnology for Healthcare : 1. Prevention, Diagnostics, Therapy and Genetic Counselling; 28. Biotechnology for Healthcare: 2.  Gene Therapy; 29.  Biotechnology for Healthcare: 3. Pharmacogenetics / Pharmacogenomics; 30. Microbial Biotechnology: 1. Isolation, Culture and Genetic Manipulation of Microbes; 31. Microbial Biotechnology: 2. Microbes for Production of Chemicals; 32. Microbial Biotechnology: 3. Microbes for Cleaner Technologies and Pollution Control; 33.  Microbial Biotechnology: 4. Microbes for Agriculture; 34. Environmental Biotechnology: 1. Pollution Control; 35. Environmental Biotechnology: 2. Bioremediation (Including Phytoremediation) 36.  Environmental Biotechnology: 3.  Bioenergy and Biofuels;